Enhancing Photosynthesis (2024)

Plant Physiology, Volume 162, Issue 4, August 2013, Pages 1780–1793, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.219006

Photosynthesis is the basis of plant growth, and it is argued that improving photosynthesis can contribute toward greater food security in the coming decades as world population increases.

Plant Physiology, Volume 162, Issue 3, July 2013, Pages 1632–1651, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.217497

Linkages of leaf and mesophyll cell traits to CO2 diffusion, photosynthesis, transpiration, and water use efficiency were identified across accessions of the genus Oryza.

Plant Physiology, Volume 162, Issue 2, June 2013, Pages 1060–1072, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.216762

Analysis of a genome-scale metabolic of rice shows numerous coordinated changes between chloroplast and mitochondrial reactions in response to alteration in available light.

Plant Physiology, Volume 162, Issue 2, June 2013, Pages 626–639, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.216820

The coexpression of a uniquely stabilized plant structural protein (Cys-oleosin) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase in Arabidopsis led to a 24% increase in the CO2 assimilation rate and a 50% increase in leaf biomass as well as oil accumulation in the leaves and roots.

Plant Physiology, Volume 162, Issue 1, May 2013, Pages 347–363, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.210104

Metabolite profiles support a robust prediction of biomass across a range of conditions and accounts for environmental influences on metabolic networks.

Plant Physiology, Volume 162, Issue 1, May 2013, Pages 410–423, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.211938

Rising carbon dioxide and rising temperature have opposing effects on yield, with variations causing slightly higher yields in one year and much lower yields in another.

Plant Physiology, Volume 162, Issue 1, May 2013, Pages 484–495, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.210260

Terminal oxidases are essential for survival under high light/dark changes but not under diurnal conditions.

Plant Physiology, Volume 161, Issue 4, April 2013, Pages 1645–1655, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.213348

The regulatory properties of Rubisco activase from different species suggest a new strategy for enhancing photosynthetic performance by increasing the rate of photosynthetic induction.

Plant Physiology, Volume 161, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages 508–520, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.207019

In addition to the linear electron flow, a cyclic electron flow ( CEF ) around photosystem I occurs in chloroplasts. In CEF , electrons flow back from the donor site of photosystem I to the plastoquinone pool via two main routes: one that involves the Proton Gradient Regulation5 (PGR5)/PGRL1 ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 160, Issue 3, November 2012, Pages 1149–1159, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.202762

Image analysis of Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) rosettes is an important nondestructive method for studying plant growth. Some work on automatic rosette measurement using image analysis has been proposed in the past but is generally restricted to be used only in combination with specific ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 160, Issue 2, October 2012, Pages 1070–1080, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.203240

An antisense construct targeting the C 4 isoform of NADP-malic enzyme ( ME ), the primary enzyme decarboxylating malate in bundle sheath cells to supply CO 2 to Rubisco, was used to transform the dicot Flaveria bidentis . Transgenic plants (α-NADP- ME ) exhibited a 34% to 75% reduction in NADP- ME ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 160, Issue 1, September 2012, Pages 274–288, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.201491

Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) chloroplasts contain two O -acetyl-serine(thiol)lyase (OASTL) homologs, OAS-B, which is an authentic OASTL, and CS26, which has S -sulfocysteine synthase activity. In contrast with OAS-B, the loss of CS26 function resulted in dramatic phenotypic changes, which ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 160, Issue 1, September 2012, Pages 165–177, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.203810

To study the regulatory and functional differentiation between the mesophyll ( M ) and bundle sheath ( BS ) cells of maize ( Zea mays ), we isolated large quantities of highly homogeneous M and BS cells from newly matured second leaves for transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing. A total of ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 160, Issue 1, September 2012, Pages 533–540, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.201459

Rubisco is composed of eight small subunits coded for by the nuclear RBCS multigene family and eight large subunits coded for by the rbcL gene in the plastome. For synthesis of the Rubisco holoenzyme, both genes need to be expressed coordinately. To investigate this molecular mechanism, the protein ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 160, Issue 1, September 2012, Pages 145–155, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.200733

The mechanisms responsible for plant defense are becoming increasingly well understood at the molecular level ( Jones and Dangl, 2006 ; Howe and Jander, 2008 ; Panstruga et al., 2009 ; Wu and Baldwin, 2010 ). Major hormonal players in the regulation of immune responses have been identified ( Erb ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 160, Issue 1, September 2012, Pages 419–432, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.195677

In maize ( Zea mays ), Rubisco accumulates in bundle sheath but not mesophyll chloroplasts, but the mechanisms that underlie cell type-specific expression are poorly understood. To explore the coordinated expression of the chloroplast rbcL gene, which encodes the Rubisco large subunit ( LS ), and ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 159, Issue 4, August 2012, Pages 1418–1427, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.200584

C 4 photosynthesis has evolved in at least 66 lineages within the angiosperms and involves alterations to the biochemistry, cell biology, and development of leaves. The characteristic “Kranz” anatomy of most C 4 leaves was discovered in the 1890s, but the genetic basis of these traits remains ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 159, Issue 1, May 2012, Pages 3–11, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.195701

Further data consistent with the universality of this H + -PPase-mediated response to Pi limitation come from the characterization of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) and rice plants engineered with a H + -PPase overexpression chimera ( Yang et al., 2007 ; Gaxiola et al., 2011 ). Transgenic ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 157, Issue 4, December 2011, Pages 1765–1777, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.181925

Nonphotosynthetic plastids are important sites for the biosynthesis of starch, fatty acids, and amino acids. The uptake and subsequent use of cytosolic ATP to fuel these and other anabolic processes would lead to the accumulation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) if not balanced by a Pi export activity. ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 157, Issue 3, November 2011, Pages 1483–1496, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.185140

Medicago truncatula has been developed into a model legume. Its close relative alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ) is the most widely grown forage legume crop in the United States. By screening a large population of M. truncatula mutants tagged with the transposable element of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 157, Issue 3, November 2011, Pages 1114–1127, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.183939

Mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase [SDH]) plays roles both in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory electron transport chain. In Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), its flavoprotein subunit is encoded by two nuclear genes, SDH1-1 and SDH1-2 . Here, we characterize ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 157, Issue 1, September 2011, Pages 120–131, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.182741

The BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) receptor kinase has recently been shown to possess tyrosine kinase activity, and preventing autophosphorylation of the tyrosine-831 regulatory site by site-directed mutagenesis enhances shoot growth. In this study, we characterized the increased leaf growth ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 157, Issue 1, September 2011, Pages 109–119, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.176982

Physiological functions of sucrose (Suc) transporters (SUTs) localized to the tonoplast in higher plants are poorly understood. We here report the isolation and characterization of a mutation in the rice ( Oryza sativa ) OsSUT2 gene. Expression of OsSUT2-green fluorescent protein in rice revealed ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 156, Issue 3, July 2011, Pages 1603–1611, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.177030

Rubisco limits photosynthetic CO 2 fixation because of its low catalytic turnover rate ( k cat ) and competing oxygenase reaction. Previous attempts to improve the catalytic efficiency of Rubisco by genetic engineering have gained little progress. Here we demonstrate that the introduction of the ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Page 19, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.900402

The industrialization of cereal production in India about 50 years ago was associated with dramatic increases in yields worldwide. As a consequence, there was a reduction in famine. The worldwide impact was called the “Green Revolution,” for which Norman Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 956–962, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.168435

In C 3 plants, CO 2 assimilation is limited by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration rate at high CO 2 . RuBP regeneration rate in turn is determined by either the chloroplast electron transport capacity to generate NADPH and ATP or the activity of Calvin cycle enzymes involved in ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 130–141, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.165589

In land-plant chloroplasts, the grana play multiple roles in photosynthesis, including the potential increase of photosynthetic capacity in light and enhancement of photochemical efficiency in shade. However, the molecular mechanisms of grana formation remain elusive. Here, we report a novel gene, ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 117–124, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.166819

This leads to the question of why a 30% increase in photosynthesis results in an increase in relative growth rate of only about 10%. Poorter (1993) analyzed the growth response to elevated CO 2 of 10 species in greater detail and found that photosynthesis expressed on a leaf area basis was ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 86–92, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.168831

Light is of course essential for photosynthesis and supports most life on earth. However, light intensity and spectral quality are highly variable in space and time according to time of day, season, geography, climate, and the position of leaf within canopy and cell within leaf. This has resulted ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 70–78, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.166652

Here, we consider recent progress in understanding the mechanisms used by plants and algae to match ATP/NADPH supply with demands, with the aim to guide future efforts at optimizing these processes. Engineered plants may exacerbate the situation by creating demands for ATP/NADPH that differ from ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 79–85, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.165886

The theoretical upper limit for the operational efficiency of plant photosynthesis has been estimated from a detailed stepwise analysis of the biophysical and biochemical subprocesses to be about 4.6% for C 3 and 6.0% C 4 plants ( Zhu et al., 2008 , 2010 ). (These estimates assume a leaf ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 108–116, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.165472

In the cytosol at pH 7.4, diffusion of inorganic C can be 9.85 (=1 + 0.56 × 15.8) times faster than that of CO 2 . Even when diffusion of both dissolved CO 2 and HCO 3 – is considered, diffusion of inorganic C in the liquid phase is still very slow compared with that in the gas phase. Then, ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 36–42, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.168559

Two metabolic pathways have evolved to overcome this, the C 4 (the first stable compound synthesized is a C 4 acid, oxaloacetate) and crassulacean acid metabolism pathways. Both the C 4 and crassulacean acid metabolism pathways are additional to the C 3 cycle and increase the supply of CO 2 to ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 157–168, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.165654

Biofuels provide a promising route of producing energy while reducing reliance on petroleum. Developing sustainable liquid fuel production from cellulosic feedstock is a major challenge and will require significant breeding efforts to maximize plant biomass production. Our approach to elucidating ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 93–100, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.166181

Oxygenic photosynthesis is a dynamic and flexible process that powers life on earth, in which water oxidation on the lumen side of PSII is an indispensable step. The light-driven PET system drives electrons from water through to NADP, generating the proton gradient that facilitates ATP synthesis. ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 154, Issue 4, December 2010, Pages 1871–1885, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.166488

Leaves of C 4 grasses (such as maize [ Zea mays ], sugarcane [S accharum officinarum ], and sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor ]) form a classical Kranz leaf anatomy. Unlike C 3 plants, where photosynthetic CO 2 fixation proceeds in the mesophyll (M), the fixation process in C 4 plants is distributed ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 27–35, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.164814

From a structural point of view, all Rubisco enzymes comprise at least two large (L-) subunits of approximately 50 kD. Despite there being as little as 30% amino acid identity between the different Rubisco forms, they all show a conserved L-subunit structure comprising an N-terminal domain ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 64–69, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.167684

The phloem is a central component of the plant’s complex vascular system that plays a vital role in moving photoassimilates from sites of primary acquisition to the heterotrophic tissues and organs of the plant. Indeed, as much as 50% to 80% of the CO 2 photoassimilated in a mature leaf is ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 101–107, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.163816

It has long been recognized that photosynthesis and respiration in the plant cell must be intimately linked, given that they share carbon dioxide and oxygen as substrate and product or as product and substrate, respectively (for review, see Siedow and Day, 2000 ). While the core reaction schemes ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 125–129, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.165076

For japonica rice genotypes, a new type of high-yielding and large-grain cultivar, Akita 63 has been released ( Mae et al., 2006 ). While the grain number of this cultivar did not differ from the common japonica cultivars at any given plant N content ( Fig. 2A ; as pointed out by Wada and ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 56–63, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.165308

The C 4 photosynthetic carbon cycle is an elaborated addition to the C 3 photosynthetic pathway. It evolved as an adaptation to high light intensities, high temperatures, and dryness. Therefore, C 4 plants dominate grassland floras and biomass production in the warmer climates of the tropical ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 49–55, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.165019

The field experiments under elevated CO 2 mentioned above were not performed to test whether glycolate oxidation in the chloroplast might enhance yield, but because atmospheric CO 2 concentrations will rise to levels double as high as today until the year 2100 ( Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 154, Issue 2, October 2010, Pages 598–601, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.161729

The evolutionary transition from C 3 to C 4 photosynthesis involved massive quantitative and qualitative changes in gene expression. A comprehensive and comparative analysis of gene expression in closely related C 3 and C 4 species, e.g. Flaveria , Cleome , and Atriplex , should therefore ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 154, Issue 2, October 2010, Pages 589–592, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.160952

A new “green revolution” is needed in world agriculture to increase crop yields for food and bioenergy, because gains from conventional crop improvement ( Fischer and Edmeades, 2010 ) are less than world population growth. Efforts to increase crop productivity must also consider global change. ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 154, Issue 2, October 2010, Pages 526–530, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.161349

Future agricultural production will encounter multifaceted challenges from global climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other greenhouse gases are accumulating in the atmosphere at unprecedented rates, causing increased radiative forcing ( Le Quéré et al., 2009 ; Shindell et al., 2009 ). ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 20–26, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.164681

The photosynthetic CO 2 -fixing enzyme Rubisco arose some 3.5 billion years ago, in an environment when CO 2 was high and oxygen (O 2 ) was low. Under these conditions, it was CO 2 saturated and presumably performed well ( Badger et al., 1998 ). However, since the advent of oxygenic ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 43–48, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.164970

The single most abundant protein in the inner envelope is the TPT, which represents the major pathway for carbon export during the day ( Flügge and Heldt, 1984 ). It functions as an antiporter. That is, it transports TPs in a 1:1 counter exchange with Pi ( Flügge and Heldt, 1984 ). The net result ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 154, Issue 1, September 2010, Pages 109–120, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.159558

Photosystem II (PSII) is a multisubunit membrane protein complex that is assembled in a sequence of steps. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the assembly of the individual subunits into functional PSII complexes are still largely unknown. Here, we report the identification of a ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 155, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 142–156, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.159442

C 4 photosynthesis involves alterations to the biochemistry, cell biology, and development of leaves. Together, these modifications increase the efficiency of photosynthesis, and despite the apparent complexity of the pathway, it has evolved at least 45 times independently within the angiosperms. ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 153, Issue 3, July 2010, Pages 1435–1442, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.157685

Flooding the intercellular air spaces of leaves with water was shown to cause rapid closure of stomata in Tradescantia pallida , Lactuca serriola , Helianthus annuus , and Oenothera caespitosa . The response occurred when water was injected into the intercellular spaces, vacuum infiltrated into the ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 153, Issue 2, June 2010, Pages 832–840, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.157719

Glycerate 3-kinase (GLYK) is the terminal enzyme of the photorespiratory cycle in plants and many cyanobacteria. For several C 4 plants, notably grasses of the NADP-malic enzyme (ME) subtype, redox regulation of GLYK has been reported, but the responsible molecular mechanism is not known. We have ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 153, Issue 2, June 2010, Pages 666–677, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.155804

The chloroplast thylakoid ATP/ADP carrier (TAAC) belongs to the mitochondrial carrier superfamily and supplies the thylakoid lumen with stromal ATP in exchange for ADP. Here, we investigate the physiological consequences of TAAC depletion in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ). We show that the ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 1863–1873, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.153098

The chloroplastic NAD kinase (NADK2) is reported to stimulate carbon and nitrogen assimilation in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ), which is vulnerable to high light. Since rice ( Oryza sativa ) is a monocotyledonous plant that can adapt to high light, we studied the effects of NADK2 expression ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 1763–1771, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.149237

The first step for the assembly of a kinetic model is the examination of the stoichiometric relations, thus obtaining information about the network structure. The size of the conceived model is of high importance, because the inclusion of too many reactions and metabolites would make the processing ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 3, March 2010, Pages 1638–1649, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.149294

The alternative oxidase (AOX) is a cyanide-resistant oxidase that provides an alternative outlet for electrons from the respiratory electron transport chain embedded in the inner membrane of plant mitochondria. Examination of soybean ( Glycine max ) plants carrying a GmAOX2b antisense gene showed ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 3, March 2010, Pages 1263–1273, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.150722

Light is the ultimate source of energy for photosynthesis; however, excessive light leads to photooxidative damage and hence reduced photosynthetic efficiency, especially when combined with other abiotic stresses. Although the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center D1 protein is the primary target ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 3, March 2010, Pages 1611–1624, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.148213

Using novel specially designed instrumentation, fluorescence emission spectra were recorded from Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) leaves during the induction period of dark to high-light adaptation in order to follow the spectral changes associated with the formation of nonphotochemical ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 3, March 2010, Pages 1625–1637, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.148312

Rubisco activase (RCA) catalyzes the activation of Rubisco in vivo and plays a crucial role in photosynthesis. However, until now, little was known about the molecular genetics of RCA in soybean ( Glycine max ), one of the most important legume crops. Here, we cloned and characterized two genes ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 2, February 2010, Pages 634–638, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.150326

Phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) is an enzyme playing a crucial role in photosynthesis of C 4 plants. Here, we identify anionic phospholipids as novel regulators that inhibit C 4 PEPC activity and provide evidence that the enzyme partially localizes to membranes. PEPC ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 2, February 2010, Pages 723–735, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.150250

Several proteins of photosystem II (PSII) and its light-harvesting antenna (LHCII) are reversibly phosphorylated according to light quantity and quality. Nevertheless, the interdependence of protein phosphorylation, nonphotochemical quenching, and efficiency of electron transfer in the thylakoid ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 366–373, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.149351

Plants growing in different environments develop with different photosynthetic capacities—developmental acclimation of photosynthesis. It is also possible for fully developed leaves to change their photosynthetic capacity—dynamic acclimation. The importance of acclimation has not previously been ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 245–254, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.145854

Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ; C3) plants increase their water use efficiency (WUE) under abiotic stress and are suggested to show characteristics of C4 photosynthesis in stems, petioles, and transmitting tract cells. The tobacco stress-induced Aquaporin1 (NtAQP1) functions as both water and CO 2 ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 293–308, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.147702

The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis is the causal agent of corn smut disease and induces tumor formation during biotrophic growth in its host maize ( Zea mays ). We have conducted a combined metabolome and transcriptome survey of infected leaves between 1 d post infection (dpi) and 8 dpi, ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 152, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 388–399, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.145862

While interspecific variation in the temperature response of photosynthesis is well documented, the underlying physiological mechanisms remain unknown. Moreover, mechanisms related to species-dependent differences in photosynthetic temperature acclimation are unclear. We compared photosynthetic ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 151, Issue 4, December 2009, Pages 2073–2082, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.146514

The activation of Rubisco in vivo requires the presence of the regulatory protein Rubisco activase. To elucidate its role in maintaining CO 2 assimilation rate at high temperature, we examined the temperature response of CO 2 assimilation rate at 380 μ L L −1 CO 2 concentration ( A 380 ) and ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 151, Issue 3, November 2009, Pages 1009–1016, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.144113

Growth at elevated [CO 2 ] stimulates photosynthesis and increases carbon (C) supply in all C 3 species. A sustained and maximal stimulation in productivity at elevated [CO 2 ] requires an enhanced nutrient supply to match the increase in C acquisition. The ability of legumes to exchange C for ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 151, Issue 1, September 2009, Pages 114–128, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.139683

To date, there have been no reports on screening for mutants defective in the massive accumulation of Rubisco in higher plants. Here, we describe a screening method based on the toxic accumulation of ammonia in the presence of methionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 151, Issue 1, September 2009, Pages 100–113, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.140665

Nicotinamide nucleotides (NAD and NADP) are important cofactors in many metabolic processes in living organisms. In this study, we analyzed transgenic Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) plants that overexpress NAD kinase2 (NADK2), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of NADP from NAD in ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 151, Issue 1, September 2009, Pages 88–99, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.140798

The function of the REP27 protein (GenBank accession no. EF127650 ) in the photosystem II (PSII) repair process was elucidated. REP27 is a nucleus-encoded and chloroplast-targeted protein containing two tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs, two putative transmembrane domains, and an extended ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 151, Issue 1, September 2009, Pages 129–141, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.140673

A large number of plastid proteins encoded by the nuclear genome are posttranslationally imported into plastids by at least two distinct mechanisms: the Toc159-dependent and Toc132/Toc120-dependent pathways. Light-induced photosynthetic proteins are imported through the Toc159-dependent pathway, ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 150, Issue 4, August 2009, Pages 2104–2115, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.139162

In the first side-by-side large-scale trials of these two C 4 crops in the U.S. Corn Belt, Miscanthus ( Miscanthus × giganteus ) was 59% more productive than grain maize ( Zea mays ). Total productivity is the product of the total solar radiation incident per unit land area and the efficiencies of ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 150, Issue 4, August 2009, Pages 2030–2044, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.140483

Gene expression in nongreen plastids is largely uncharacterized. To compare gene expression in potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) tuber amyloplasts and leaf chloroplasts, amounts of transcripts of all plastid genes were determined by hybridization to plastome arrays. Except for a few genes, transcript ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 150, Issue 3, July 2009, Pages 1474–1481, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.139816

Genetically engineered chloroplasts have an extraordinary capacity to accumulate recombinant proteins. We have investigated in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) the possible consequences of such additional products on several parameters of plant development and composition. Plastid transformants were ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 150, Issue 3, July 2009, Pages 1260–1271, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.136812

To gain insight into the molecular mechanism of RNA editing, we have characterized the low psii accumulation66 ( lpa66 ) Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) mutant, which displays a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype. Its perturbed chlorophyll fluorescence is reflected in reduced levels of ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 150, Issue 2, June 2009, Pages 879–888, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.137240

Plastid biogenesis and maintenance depend on the coordinated assembly of proteins imported from the cytosol with proteins translated within plastids. Chloroplasts in leaf cells have a greater need for protein import and protein synthesis than plastids in other organs due to the large amount of ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 150, Issue 2, June 2009, Pages 889–903, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.138677

We have characterized the phosphoproteome of Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) seedlings using high-accuracy mass spectrometry and report the identification of 1,429 phosphoproteins and 3,029 unique phosphopeptides. Among these, 174 proteins were chloroplast phosphoproteins. Motif-X (motif ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 149, Issue 4, April 2009, Pages 1887–1895, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.135210

Manipulation of Rubisco within higher plants is complicated by the different genomic locations of the large (L; rbc L) and small (S; Rbc S) subunit genes. Although rbc L can be accurately modified by plastome transformation, directed genetic manipulation of the multiple nuclear-encoded Rbc S genes ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 149, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 82–87, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.128553

As a C 4 study system, the grass family allows combining physiological, ecological, genomic, and evolutionary approaches, which are all necessary for a complete understanding of C 4 photosynthesis. Integration of the wide knowledge we are gaining about C 4 grasses to reach a full picture ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 149, Issue 3, March 2009, Pages 1560–1567, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.134122

Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I has a role in avoiding photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII), which occurs under conditions in which the rate of photodamage to PSII exceeds the rate of its repair. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how CEF contributes to photoprotection ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 149, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 515–533, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.128124

An Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) double mutant impaired in starch biosynthesis and the triose phosphate/phosphate translocator ( adg1-1/tpt-1 ) is characterized by a diminished utilization of photoassimilates and the concomitant consumption of reducing power and energy produced in the ...

Plant Physiology, Volume 149, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 195–204, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.128439

A mutant in the maize ( Zea mays ) Glycolate Oxidase1 ( GO1 ) gene was characterized to investigate the role of photorespiration in C 4 photosynthesis. An Activator -induced allele of GO1 conditioned a seedling lethal phenotype when homozygous and had 5% to 10% of wild-type GO activity. Growth of ...