Proprietary Trading Explained: Definitions, Strategies and Career Opportunities! (2024)

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Nov 02, 2023 18 min read

In the fast-paced world of finance, where markets ebb and flow with the speed of information, proprietary trading stands as a dynamic and influential force. Proprietary trading, the practice of trading financial assets using a firm's own capital, has witnessed significant evolution, driven by regulatory changes, market trends, and the pursuit of profit.

This evolution has shaped the landscape of proprietary trading, presenting both opportunities and challenges for those involved. In this article, we will be understanding its evolution, recognising the hurdles it presents, journey through the strategies employed by traders, the regulatory landscape that governs their actions, and the diverse career opportunities it offers.

From the trading floors of proprietary trading firms to the executive offices of hedge funds, we will unravel the intricacies of this high-stakes world, shedding light on its past, present, and future.

Some of the concepts regarding proprietary trading in this blog have been taken from our algorithmic trading course.

This blog covers:

What is proprietary trading?
Strategies in proprietary trading
Career opportunities in proprietary trading
How to get started with a career in proprietary trading?
Volcker rule on proprietary trading
Hedge fund vs proprietary trading
Regulatory and compliance risks
Evolving regulations in proprietary trading
Pros of working at a proprietary trading firm
Pros of owning a proprietary trading firm
Challenges of working at a proprietary trading firm
Challenges of owning a proprietary trading firm
Tips for success in proprietary trading
Future trends in proprietary trading

What is proprietary trading?

Proprietary trading refers to the trading activities conducted by entities like banks or firms using their own capital. These investments can encompass various financial assets, including stocks, derivatives, bonds, commodities, and more.

In proprietary trading, the entity utilises its own funds rather than the client’s capital. Consequently, the profits generated from these trades accrue entirely to the entity conducting the trading, eliminating the need to depend on commissions earned from client investments.

Proprietary trading, often referred to as prop desk trading, involves the deployment of a financial institution's capital to engage in market transactions, distinguishing itself by not relying on client funds, thereby embracing a higher risk and reward profile.

Strategies in proprietary trading

Traders employed at a proprietary trading firm have a range of strategies at their disposal to maximise the profitability of their trades. Let's delve into the following strategies:

Proprietary Trading Explained: Definitions, Strategies and Career Opportunities! (1)

Merger arbitrage

Merger arbitrage, often referred to as risk arbitrage, is an investment approach where the trading firm purchases stocks from companies involved in mergers. This strategy capitalises on market inefficiencies by simultaneously buying and selling the stocks of two or more merging companies, creating less risky yet profitable opportunities.

Index arbitrage

The index arbitrage strategy seeks to profit from the difference between a stock's current price and its theoretical future price. Suppose you're an investor who notices that the S&P 500 Index ETF (Exchange-Traded Fund) is trading at $500, while the individual stocks within the index are collectively worth $505 based on their current prices. This situation presents an index arbitrage opportunity. Here's how it works:

Buy the S&P 500 Index ETF: You purchase shares of the S&P 500 Index ETF at $500 each.
Simultaneously Sell the Underlying Stocks: You identify the individual stocks that make up the S&P 500 and sell them short. In this case, the combined value of those stocks is $505.
Wait for Convergence: You wait for the market to correct itself. The idea is that the ETF's price will eventually rise to match the collective value of the underlying stocks (in this case, $505).
Profit from the Price Difference: Once the ETF's price reaches $505, you cover your short positions in the individual stocks, making a profit of $5 per ETF share ($505 - $500).

Global macro-trading

Global macro-trading relies on interpreting macroeconomic events at regional, national, or global levels. Successful implementation of this strategy involves portfolio managers analysing macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, such as interest rates, currency exchange rates, political events, international trade, and global relations. It is important to note that this strategy is influenced by systematic market risks beyond the organisation's control.

Volatility arbitrage

Volatility arbitrage aims to profit from disparities between the implied volatility of options and corresponding movements in the underlying assets. Typically executed in a delta-neutral portfolio that includes both options and underlying assets, this strategy capitalises on the relationship between volatility and option prices.
Traders may choose to employ a long call option and a short position in the underlying asset when they anticipate an increase in future volatility momentum. If volatility indeed rises, the option's value increases, resulting in a favourable outcome for the trader, even if the underlying asset's price remains relatively stable.

Prop desk trading employs diverse strategies, ranging from high-frequency trading algorithms to quantitative models, meticulously crafted to capitalize on market inefficiencies and generate alpha.

There are also many more sophisticated trading strategies used by seasoned traders and quants. Explore some of these trading techniques in our Advanced Algorithmic Trading Strategies learning track which is developed in collaboration with leading industry experts.

Career opportunities in proprietary trading

In the dynamic and ever-evolving world of finance and investment, there exists a plethora of exciting career opportunities for individuals. The core of these career opportunities resides in the individual’s passion for markets, a knack for analysis, and a drive for success. There are several important interview questions which you can explore in our quant interview preparations course as well.

Let us find out more about proprietary trading career opportunities.

Proprietary Trading Explained: Definitions, Strategies and Career Opportunities! (2)

Proprietary trading firms

At the heart of prop desk trading lies a synergy of cutting-edge technology and sophisticated trading strategies, empowering traders to navigate complex market dynamics, execute trades swiftly, and seize fleeting opportunities for profit generation.

In the proprietary trading firms, following roles below can be taken up by a proprietary trader.

Junior Trader: Entry-level traders typically start here, learning the ropes and gaining experience in executing trades and managing risk.
Senior Trader: With experience, traders can advance to senior roles, where they have more responsibility and often manage a team of junior traders.
Quantitative Analyst (Quant Trader): Proprietary trading firms often hire traders with strong quantitative skills to develop and implement algorithmic trading strategies.
Risk Manager: Some traders transition into risk management roles, where they assess and manage the risks associated with the firm's trading activities.

Usually, you will start from the junior trader level in case you are an undergraduate. Apart from a trader, there are some other job opportunities one can seek at a proprietary trading firm such as:

Quant Researcher: Establishing mathematical models for trading algorithms and strategies.
Developer: Implementing the researchers’ models or strategies and creating algorithms for helping the traders trade algorithmically.
Data Scientist: Help to devise trading strategies for the firm.

Hedge funds

Let us find out the career opportunities or roles for a proprietary trader in a hedge fund below.

Portfolio Manager: Experienced traders can become portfolio managers at hedge funds, where they oversee a portfolio of assets and make investment decisions on behalf of investors.
Quantitative Researcher: Hedge funds value traders with strong analytical and quantitative skills to develop proprietary trading strategies and conduct market research.
Risk Analyst: Traders can transition into risk analysis roles within hedge funds, assessing and mitigating risks associated with the fund's investments.
Compliance Officer: Some traders may move into compliance roles, ensuring that the fund operates within regulatory guidelines.

Investment banks

Now we will see how the investment banks can be utilised by the proprietary trader for job roles. You can see the different roles of a proprietary trader in the investment banking industry below.

Sales and Trading: Investment banks often have proprietary trading desks where traders execute trades for the bank's own account. Traders may also work in sales and trading roles, interacting with clients and executing orders on their behalf.
Quantitative Researcher: Investment banks employ quantitative researchers to develop trading strategies and provide analytical support for trading desks.
Risk Management: Traders can transition into risk management roles within investment banks, focusing on market and credit risk assessment.
Asset Management: Investment banks often have asset management divisions where traders can manage portfolios for institutional or retail clients.

Exploring career opportunities in prop desk trading unveils a dynamic landscape, where individuals with quantitative prowess and a keen understanding of financial markets can thrive, spearheading innovative trading strategies and cultivating robust risk management frameworks.

Whether you aspire to work in proprietary trading firms, hedge funds, or investment banks, the financial industry offers a diverse range of roles, each with its unique challenges and rewards. This guide explores the promising career paths that await those with the ambition to thrive in this dynamic and competitive field.

How to get started with a career in proprietary trading?

To kickstart a career in proprietary trading, consider gaining practical experience through internships or entry-level positions at financial institutions. Additionally, practice trading in simulated environments to refine your skills and strategies.

As you gain experience and build a track record of successful trading, you can pursue opportunities at proprietary trading firms or even explore proprietary trading desks within larger financial institutions. Undoubtedly, the qualification, skills and the personal qualities of a trader are the basic foundations for starting the career as a trader in a proprietary trading firm.

One cool thing about prop desk trading? These traders get to experiment with sophisticated strategies that most retail investors wouldn't even dream of - it's like being in the major league of financial wizardry.

Let us find out more about the aspects namely qualification, skills and the personal qualities of a trader below.

Qualification needed to become a proprietary trader

Educational Background: While there is no specific educational path, a strong foundation in finance, economics, mathematics, or a related field is beneficial. Many proprietary traders hold bachelor's degrees, and some pursue advanced degrees such as Master's in Finance or MBA.
Financial Knowledge: Deep understanding of financial markets, instruments, and trading strategies is crucial. Consider taking courses, reading books, and staying updated with financial news.

Skills and personal qualities needed to become a trader at a proprietary firm

Analytical Skills: Proprietary traders must analyse market data, economic indicators, and company financials to make informed trading decisions.
Quantitative Skills: Proficiency in quantitative analysis is vital for creating and implementing trading algorithms and models.
Risk Management: Traders need to manage and mitigate risks associated with their positions. A solid grasp of risk management techniques is essential.
Decision-Making: Quick and rational decision-making, even under pressure, is a hallmark of successful traders.
Discipline: Proprietary trading often involves adhering to trading strategies and risk parameters with unwavering discipline.
Emotional Control: Maintaining emotional composure during periods of market volatility is crucial to prevent impulsive decisions.
Adaptability: Markets are dynamic; traders must adapt to changing conditions and strategies.
Tech Savviness: Familiarity with trading platforms, algorithmic trading tools, and market data systems is advantageous.
Knowledge of a programming language: It is an advantage to hold proficiency in a programming language such as Python as it enhances the capabilities of a proprietary trader for algorithmic trading and data analysis.
Continuous Learning: Proprietary traders must stay updated with market trends, news, and evolving trading strategies.
Networking: Building relationships within the industry can open doors to opportunities and insights.

Remuneration in prop desk trading is directly correlated with performance. Entering the realm of prop desk trading requires an individual to possess exceptional resilience and psychological fortitude, as the practice entails making high-stakes decisions with the firm’s capital, subject to the volatile nature of financial markets.

Volcker rule on proprietary trading

In the United States, during the period of the Great Recession, several firms and hedge funds came under close examination. The prevailing belief was that the 2008 financial crisis was primarily attributed to credit defaults. Consequently, the federal government introduced the Volcker Rule as a preventive measure to avert another crisis.

The Volcker Rule, established in 2010, was a regulatory measure enacted as part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform. Its primary objective was to impose constraints on depository banks, preventing them from engaging in high-volatility, high-risk investments.

This regulatory initiative was championed by Paul Volcker, a former Federal Reserve Chairman, with the main aim of segregating commercial banking and investment banking activities.

Hedge fund vs Proprietary trading

Let us now see some of the key differences between hedge funds and proprietary trading firms below.

Aspect	Hedge Funds	Proprietary Trading Firms
Capital Source	Utilise clients' funds for investments.	Invest the firm's own capital.
Accountability	Accountable to clients; fiduciary duty.	Not accountable to external clients.
Profit Distribution	Receive a commission from clients' profits.	Retain the entire profit for the firm.
Investment Objective	Act on behalf of clients' best interests.	Focus on generating profits for the firm.

Contrasting hedge fund and proprietary trading realms underscores nuanced differences in approach and objectives, where hedge funds typically manage external capital with a focus on absolute returns, while prop desk trading centers on leveraging a firm's own capital to maximize profitability within defined risk parameters.

These key differences highlight how hedge funds and proprietary trading firms operate in the financial markets and how they handle capital, accountability, profit distribution, and investment objectives.

Regulatory and Compliance Risks

Regulatory and compliance risks in the context of proprietary trading are significant considerations for financial institutions engaged in this activity.

Below is an overview of key “regulatory and compliance risks” associated with proprietary trading.

Volcker Rule Compliance: The Volcker Rule, part of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, prohibits banks from engaging in proprietary trading activities that could pose risks to their stability. Compliance with this rule is essential for proprietary trading firms to avoid regulatory penalties.
Market Manipulation: Proprietary trading firms must adhere to market integrity regulations to prevent market manipulation, such as insider trading, spoofing, and front-running. Violations can lead to severe legal consequences.
Risk Management: Effective risk management is crucial for proprietary trading firms to mitigate market, credit, and operational risks. Firms must establish robust risk assessment and risk monitoring processes.
Capital Adequacy: Regulatory authorities often impose capital adequacy requirements on proprietary trading firms to ensure they maintain sufficient capital reserves to cover potential losses. Failure to meet these requirements can result in regulatory action.
Conflict of Interest: Proprietary trading firms need to manage conflicts of interest, especially when executing trades on behalf of clients while also engaging in proprietary trading. This requires clear policies and transparency.
Compliance Reporting: Firms must accurately report their trading activities to regulatory authorities. Failure to provide timely and accurate reports can lead to fines and sanctions.
Liquidity Risk: Proprietary trading firms face liquidity risk, particularly during market downturns. Compliance requires adequate liquidity management practices to ensure the firm's solvency.
Cross-Border Regulations: Global proprietary trading firms must navigate a complex web of regulations in different jurisdictions. Complying with local and international regulations is challenging but essential.
Technology and Cybersecurity: The reliance on technology for trading exposes firms to cybersecurity risks. Compliance involves implementing robust cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive data and trading systems.
Record keeping and Documentation: Proper record keeping and documentation of trading activities are essential for demonstrating compliance with regulations. Firms must maintain accurate records for audit and reporting purposes.
Regulatory Changes and Updates: Regulatory frameworks can change frequently. Staying updated on regulatory changes and promptly adapting to new requirements is crucial for ongoing compliance.
Employee Training and Conduct: Ensuring that employees are well-informed about compliance policies and follow ethical conduct is essential. Training programs and codes of conduct can help mitigate risks associated with employee behaviour.

Proprietary trading firms must establish comprehensive compliance programs, appoint compliance officers, and regularly audit their operations to identify and address regulatory and compliance risks effectively. Failure to do so can result in severe legal and financial consequences, including fines, loss of licences, and reputational damage.

Evolving regulations in proprietary trading

Proprietary trading has evolved significantly due to regulatory changes aimed at enhancing transparency, reducing risks, and improving oversight. The evolution of prop desk trading has been significantly influenced by regulatory changes, necessitating a continuous adaptation of strategies to mitigate risks while capitalizing on emerging market opportunities.

The mentioned amendments to the regulations implementing section 13 of the Bank Holding Company Act highlight this evolution. Here's a brief overview of how proprietary trading has evolved:

Regulatory Response: In response to the global financial crisis of 2008, regulators recognised the need to address excessive risk-taking by financial institutions, including proprietary trading activities.
Dodd-Frank Act: The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act introduced significant regulatory reforms to the financial industry, including section 13 of the Bank Holding Company Act. This contains provisions related to the reporting and public disclosure of financial information by bank holding companies and their subsidiaries.
Section 13 Provisions: Section 13 imposed restrictions on proprietary trading by banking entities and their relationships with hedge funds and private equity funds. These restrictions were designed to prevent conflicts of interest, reduce risk exposure, and protect the stability of the financial system.
Clarity and Supervision: The recent amendments to section 13 regulations, adopted by agencies such as the OCC, Board, FDIC, SEC, and CFTC, aim to provide banking entities with greater clarity regarding prohibited activities. These amendments seek to enhance supervision and implementation of section 13, ensuring that financial institutions understand the boundaries of proprietary trading.
Risk Mitigation: The evolution of proprietary trading regulation is driven by a desire to mitigate risks associated with speculative trading and potential conflicts of interest. These regulations aim to strike a balance between allowing legitimate market-making activities and curbing excessive proprietary trading.
Enhanced Oversight: Regulatory bodies have intensified their oversight of proprietary trading activities to ensure that banking entities comply with the law and do not engage in activities that could jeopardise financial stability.
Transparency: Proprietary trading regulations have become more transparent, providing financial institutions with clearer guidelines on what is permitted and what is prohibited.

In summary, proprietary trading has evolved in response to regulatory reforms aimed at safeguarding the financial system. The amendments to section 13 regulations reflect a commitment to providing greater clarity, improving supervision, and reducing the potential risks associated with proprietary trading by banking entities.

These changes represent a pivotal shift in the financial industry's approach to proprietary trading activities.

Pros of working at a Proprietary Trading Firm

The pros of working at a Proprietary Trading Firm are as follows:

Lower Risk: As an employee, you are not personally responsible for the firm's financial health or regulatory compliance, reducing personal financial and legal risks.
Access to Resources: Proprietary trading firms often provide access to cutting-edge trading technology, data feeds, research, and market analysis tools, which can enhance your trading capabilities.
Learning Opportunity: You can gain experience and refine your trading skills while learning from experienced colleagues and mentors within the firm.
Collaboration: Proprietary trading firms often encourage collaboration among traders and analysts, fostering a dynamic and supportive work environment.
Less Administrative Burden: Employees can focus primarily on trading and strategy development, with less responsibility for administrative tasks, regulatory filings, and compliance.

Pros of owning a Proprietary Trading Firm

The pros of owning a Proprietary Trading Firm are as follows:

Control and Autonomy: You have full control over the trading strategies, risk management, and decision-making processes of the firm. You can shape the firm's direction according to your vision. Moreover, you have greater flexibility in choosing the asset classes, markets, and trading strategies to pursue, allowing you to adapt to changing market conditions.
Brand and Reputation: Building and managing your proprietary trading firm allows you to establish your brand and reputation in the industry, potentially attracting clients and investors.
Long-Term Wealth Creation: Successful ownership of a proprietary trading firm can lead to long-term wealth creation and the potential for substantial financial rewards.
New Trading Strategies: You can experiment with innovative trading strategies and technologies, potentially gaining a competitive edge.

It's essential to consider your financial goals, risk tolerance, and career preferences when deciding between working at a proprietary trading firm and owning one. Both options offer unique advantages and challenges, and the right choice depends on your individual circumstances and aspirations.

Challenges of working at a Proprietary Trading Firm

The challenges of working at a Proprietary Trading Firm are as follows:

Performance Pressure: Traders and analysts often face intense pressure to consistently generate profits, which can be mentally and emotionally taxing.
Market Volatility: Proprietary trading is subject to market volatility, and traders may experience substantial losses during turbulent market conditions.
Long Working Hours: Proprietary trading often involves long working hours, especially during peak trading times, which can lead to burnout.
High Competition: The industry is highly competitive, with traders vying for profitable opportunities, making it challenging to secure consistent profits.
Limited Autonomy: Traders may have limited autonomy, as they are required to follow the firm's trading strategies and risk management protocols.
Regulatory Compliance: Traders must adhere to strict regulatory guidelines, and non-compliance can result in legal and financial consequences.

Challenges of owning a Proprietary Trading Firm

The challenges of owning a Proprietary Trading Firm are as follows:

Financial Risk: Owners are personally responsible for the firm's financial health. Losses can directly impact personal finances and may even lead to bankruptcy.
Regulatory Compliance: Owning a proprietary trading firm involves navigating complex regulatory frameworks, which can be time-consuming and costly to maintain.
Capital Requirements: Establishing and maintaining sufficient capital reserves to cover potential losses is a significant challenge for owners.
Operational Responsibilities: Owners are responsible for managing all aspects of the business, including administrative tasks, compliance, and risk management, which can be demanding.
Technological Investment: Owners must invest in advanced trading technology and infrastructure, which requires a substantial upfront financial commitment.
Market Access: Building relationships and gaining access to markets can be difficult, particularly for new firms entering the industry.
Competition for Talent: Attracting and retaining talented traders and analysts can be competitive and may require offering competitive compensation packages.

It's important to recognise that both working at a proprietary trading firm and owning one come with their own set of challenges and risks. The decision to pursue either path should be based on an individual's risk tolerance, financial situation, career goals, and willingness to take on responsibility.

Tips for success in proprietary trading

Individuals engaged in prop desk trading are required to possess not only an exceptional understanding of market dynamics but also the resilience to withstand substantial fluctuations in their trading positions. Below are some tips to help overcome the challenges associated with both working at a proprietary trading firm and owning one:

Tips for overcoming challenges as an Employee at a Proprietary Trading Firm

Continuous Learning: Invest in ongoing education and skill development to stay competitive in the industry. Expanding your knowledge can help you adapt to changing market conditions.
Mental Resilience: Develop strategies to manage stress and maintain mental resilience. Techniques like mindfulness, meditation, and regular breaks can help you stay focused and composed under pressure.
Risk Management: Focus on effective risk management strategies to minimise potential losses and protect your trading capital.
Networking: Build a strong professional network within and outside the firm. Networking can provide valuable insights, mentorship opportunities, and potential collaboration.
Work-Life Balance: Strive to maintain a healthy work-life balance. Setting boundaries and taking time for relaxation and recreation is essential for long-term well-being.

Tips for Overcoming Challenges as an Owner of a Proprietary Trading Firm

Financial Planning: Establish a comprehensive financial plan that includes capital reserves, risk management strategies, and contingency plans for adverse scenarios.
Legal and Regulatory Expertise: Invest in legal and regulatory expertise. Engaging legal counsel or compliance professionals can help you navigate complex regulatory requirements.
Operational Efficiency: Streamline and automate operational processes wherever possible to minimise administrative burdens and reduce overhead costs.
Client Relations: Develop strong client relationships and provide excellent customer service to attract and retain clients and investors.
Strategic Alliances: Consider forming strategic alliances or partnerships with other firms to expand market access and share resources.
Technology Investment: Continuously invest in cutting-edge technology and cybersecurity to stay competitive and protect sensitive data.
Talent Management: Attract and retain top talent by offering competitive compensation packages and creating a positive work environment.
Market Research: Stay informed about market trends, competitor activities, and emerging technologies to identify new opportunities and threats.
Diversification: Consider diversifying your trading strategies and asset classes to spread risk and capture a broader range of opportunities.
Mentorship: Seek mentorship or advice from experienced industry professionals or business owners who can provide guidance and insights.

It is a must to note that the challenges are a natural part of both working in and owning a proprietary trading firm. Success often comes from a combination of perseverance, adaptability, and a commitment to continuous improvement.

The strategic approach adopted by traders within the realm of prop desk trading often involves the utilization of advanced and sophisticated methodologies, far beyond those typically accessible to the average investor. It's crucial to remain agile and open to adjustments in your approach as you encounter and address these challenges.

Future trends in proprietary trading

In the context of the future of proprietary trading, it appears that a substantial portion of prop trading firms, approximately 73% based on interviews, anticipated that 2023 would present abundant trading prospects. However, only 18% of these firms expressed confidence in their ability to capitalise on these opportunities.

This confidence may have stemmed from the trader base they managed to amass in 2022. Nevertheless, it's essential to recognise that the trading landscape remains challenging, and the industry's reputation can be volatile, even for the most accomplished proprietary trading firms. Consequently, to attract exceptional traders in the future, a formidable marketing strategy will be indispensable.

Overall, the future of proprietary trading for 2024 and beyond appears to be promising in terms of potential opportunities, but it will likely require a combination of skill, strategy, and effective marketing to achieve success in an environment that is perceived as challenging and volatile.

Traders and firms will need to remain adaptable and well-prepared to make the most of these opportunities while managing associated risks.

Bibliography

Proprietary Trading Desk Setup: A Step by Step Guide
Case study - Global proprietary firm strengthens regulatory compliance
Revisions to Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships With, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds
Proprietary trading: Fad or future?

Conclusion

A proprietary trading firm is an entity which invests its own money in a particular financial instrument or combination of financial instruments. One can work in a proprietary trading firm with some knowledge about trading practice, a good educational background and some skills.

Proprietary trading is a dynamic and evolving field within the financial industry. It involves trading financial assets using a firm's own capital rather than client funds, with various strategies employed to maximise profitability. The industry offers a range of career opportunities, whether as an employee in a proprietary trading firm, an owner of such a firm, or within investment banks and hedge funds.

The allure of prop desk trading lies not only in its potential for substantial financial rewards but also in the intellectual challenge it presents, enticing ambitious individuals to immerse themselves in the intricacies of quantitative analysis, risk management, and strategic decision-making within a fast-paced trading environment.

Overall, proprietary trading continues to evolve in response to regulatory changes and market dynamics. Success in this field requires a combination of skills, adaptability, and a keen understanding of market trends and regulations. Whether as an employee or an owner, individuals in proprietary trading will need to navigate challenges while seizing opportunities in the ever-changing financial landscape.

If you wish to learn more about proprietary trading, you can explore our Algorithmic trading course. This course will provide you with the in-depth knowledge and insights into the algorithmic trading domain along with the practical applications. This information can be utilised by the proprietary traders in different domains.

Author: Chainika Thakar

Note: The original post has been revamped on 2nd November 2023 for accuracy, and recentness.

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