Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (2024)

Torii, Kiyotsune, artist, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

2022.05.27

NAVITIME TRAVEL EDITOR

Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (1)

Kabuki is probably the most recognizable form of Japan's main traditional theater styles due to its use of eccentric face paint, extravagant costumes and the distinctive movement of its stage actors.

Since the early 1600s, when Kabuki is thought to have originated, the art form has been diligently preserved and is still widely performed in Japan today.

  • 01

    The Uniqueness of Kabuki

    However, it is Kabuki's unique history as "entertainment for the common people" that makes it stand in stark contrast to Japan's other main traditional theater styles of noh, kyogen and bunraku.

    Its difference from noh in particular, which was historically aimed at the upper class, gives Kabuki a unique flavor that is expressed in everything from its story content to stage design and most notably, its character appearance.

  • 02

    Kumadori: The Color of Emotion

    Without a doubt, the most recognizable aspect of Kabuki theater is the characteristic face make up used by the stage actors. The style of face make up that is done by highlighting the facial lines and muscles with colors such as red or blue is called kumadori.

    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (2)

    The highlighting is done deliberately to highlight the expressiveness of the actor's face. Red is traditionally associated with characters that embody strength, vigor and passion, while blue is used for villains and is associated with fear and evil.

    The costumes in Kabuki are also heavily stylized, exaggerated and flamboyant. They play a very important role in signifying a character's role in the story. For example, the costumes for the main heroic characters are usually extremely large and heavy relative to the other characters.

    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (3)

    Kobby Dagan / Shutterstock.com

    In addition, all the actors wear wigs. The wigs also help express the emotional or social state of the character — neat and combed back in one scene, but messy and standing upright in another to express anger or betrayal.

  • 03

    Revolving Platforms, Trap Doors and Grand Entrances

    One of the aspects of Kabuki that distinguishes it from the other main Japanese traditional theater styles is the use of sophisticated stage design elements such as revolving platforms, trap doors and extended walkways. These elements are all used to enhance the entrances and exits of characters or to portray supernatural events, spiritual transformations or dramatic revelations.

    The hanamichi, which is the characteristic walkway on the left of all kabuki stages which extends into the audience, is one element that is used extensively in Kabuki. Characters make dramatic entrances and exits in the midst of the audience, often striking dramatic poses only inches away from audience members seated near the walkway.

    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (4)

    gnohz / Shutterstock.com

  • 04

    All Male Performances

    One interesting aspect of Kabuki theater is that all the female and male characters are played by male actors. This has to do with Kabuki's early history of dealing with stories and themes that were less refined and more broadly appealing to commoners in the lower classes of society.

    Kabuki is known to have started with a single female performer in Kyoto named Okuni in the 1600s. As Kabuki gained in popularity, more of the performances began to deal with more adult-oriented subject matter with some of the actresses engaging in prostitution. The conservative Japanese government deemed it immoral at the time and outlawed all women from performing kabuki. This custom of only male actors has continued until today.

    Therefore, the men who play women in Kabuki today use very distinctive face make up with a pure white base and only slight accents of red and black on the eyes and lips. These actors are called onnagata and their style of portraying femininity has evolved into a very sophisticated portrayal that has been cultivated over the entire 400+ year history of Kabuki theater.

    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (5)

    Photo by Susann Schuster on Unsplash

  • 05

    Watching Kabuki Today

    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (6)

    Minami-za Theater

    There are many theaters where Kabuki is performed in Japan today with several of them offering information, explanations and subtitles in English. It's important to highlight though that a single Kabuki performance can last several hours throughout the day. They are however, divided into segments and tickets are usually sold per segment, costing anywhere from 3,000 to 25,000 yen for individual segments depending on the seating area.

    Here are some well known kabuki theaters to choose from:

    Name: Kabuki-za Theater
    Location: Tokyo, Japan
    Website:
    https://www.kabukiweb.net/theatres/kabukiza/information/

    Name: Minami-za Theater
    Location: Kyoto, Japan
    Website:
    https://www.shochiku.co.jp/play/theater/minamiza/

    Name: Hakata-za Theater
    Location: f*ckuoka, Japan
    Website:
    https://yokanavi.com/en/spot/26817/

    Kabukiza Theatre
    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (7)

    4.5

    1024 Reviews
    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (8)
    Tokyo Chuou-ku Ginza 4-12-15
    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (9)
    0335456800

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    Quintessa Hotel Tokyo Ginza

    4-11-4, Ginza, Chuo-ku Tokyo

    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (13)

    • Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (14)
    • Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (15)
    • Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (16)
    • Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (17)
    • Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (18)
    Minamiza
    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (19)

    4.5

    165 Reviews
    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (20)
    Kyoto Prefecture Kyoto Shi Higashiyama Ward Shijyo Ohashi Ebisu
    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (21)
    0755611155
    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (22)
    Varies by performance

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    Hakataza Theater
    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (26)
    f*ckuoka Pref. f*ckuokashihakataku Shimokawabatamachi 2-1
    Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (27)
    0922635555

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Kabuki: Japan's Original Theater for the People (2024)

FAQs

What are 3 facts about Kabuki Theatre? ›

Kabuki plays are about historical events and moral conflict in relationships of the heart. The actors speak in a monotone voice and are accompanied by traditional instruments. The Kabuki stage is equipped with several gadgets, such as revolving stages and trapdoors through which the actors can appear and disappear.

What is Kabuki theater quizlet? ›

One of Japan's tradition theatrical arts.

Who originated Kabuki Theatre according to Japanese legend _____? ›

Originated by a legendary female dancer, Izumo no Okuni, at the beginning of the 17th century, Kabuki performances with "eccentric" (kabuku) dance and exaggerated acting were developed among common people in urban Japan throughout the following centuries.

Why is Kabuki so important for the Japanese people? ›

Kabuki theater is important to Japan's social, cultural, and spiritual background because it represents Japanese ideas, customs, and experiences. Kabuki (歌舞伎) is made up of three kanji (Chinese characters): ka (歌) defines "to sing" bu (舞) connotes a dance.

What best describes Kabuki theater? ›

Kabuki (歌舞伎, かぶき) is a classical form of Japanese theatre, mixing dramatic performance with traditional dance. Kabuki theatre is known for its heavily stylised performances, its glamorous, highly decorated costumes, and for the elaborate kumadori make-up worn by some of its performers.

What is the meaning behind Kabuki? ›

However, The Japan Times reports that kabuki comes from the verb kabuku, meaning “to slant or to sway” and is used to describe “people who were out of the ordinary and preferred to dress in extravagant attire.” As an art form, Kabuki is characterized by colorful costumes, music, stylized performances, and broad ...

What are the two types of Kabuki theater? ›

Classification by Content
  • Jidai-mono (historical plays) Jidai-mono are plays based on subject matter far different from the lives of the townspeople who made up the main audience for Kabuki during the Edo Period. ...
  • Sewa-mono (contemporary, domestic plays) ...
  • Shosagoto (Kabuki dance) ...
  • Gidayu-kyogen. ...
  • Jun-kabuki. ...
  • Shin-kabuki.

What describes a Kabuki? ›

Kabuki, traditional Japanese popular drama with singing and dancing performed in a highly stylized manner. A rich blend of music, dance, mime, and spectacular staging and costuming, it has been a major theatrical form in Japan for four centuries.

Who created Kabuki? ›

Then around the beginning of the Edo period (start of 17th century), the kabuki-odori performed by Okuni - a woman who referred to herself as a shrine maiden from Izumo Taisha shrine in Shimane - became extremely popular in the imperial capital of Kyoto.

Why was Kabuki banned? ›

In 1629, the ruling shogunate flat-out banned all women from performing kabuki. The reason given was something about how kabuki was corrupting public morals. To be fair, a lot of early kabuki plays were provocative and erotic.

What makes Kabuki unique? ›

Kabuki is an art form rich in showmanship. It involves elaborately designed costumes, eye-catching make-up, outlandish wigs, and arguably most importantly, the exaggerated actions performed by the actors.

Why is Kabuki only male? ›

Kabuki has been performed since the early 17th century. Plays originally featured both men and women. But the Edo government felt they would be too provocative and banned women. For hundreds of years, men have played every role and that tradition endures today.

What was the impact of Kabuki theatre? ›

One of the most evident influences is the use of extravagant costumes and makeup seen in Kabuki performances, which have inspired filmmakers to create visually stunning characters and sets.

What does a fan symbolize in Kabuki theater? ›

A paper fan, a popular Kabuki prop, can be used to represent a tray, a sunrise, the wind, rain, cutting with a knife, drinking, and much more.

What is the music used in Kabuki theater? ›

These include vocal music known as nagauta, created through song and shamisen (a type of stringed instrument), and instrumental ensembles or narimono, created by many different types of instruments, especially percussion and fue (flute).

What are the three main elements of Kabuki theater? ›

The word 'ka-bu-ki' itself is made up of three characters that mean 'song' (ka-歌), 'dance' (bu-舞) and 'acting skill' (ki-伎), indicating the composite nature of this art that includes elements of music, dance and drama, disciplines that would in most other cases be performed separately.

How long is Kabuki theatre? ›

The duration of the performances depends on the acts and the content. However, usually they run for approximately 4 hours each for the Matinee and the Evening Show. If you prefer to watch from a Single Act Seat, kabuki dances and short dramas last about 30 minutes to1hour, while long dramas last about 1 to 2 hours.

How many years old is Kabuki? ›

The Kabuki form dates from the early 17th century, when a female dancer named Okuni (who had been an attendant at the Grand Shrine of Izumo), achieved popularity with parodies of Buddhist prayers. She assembled around her a troupe of wandering female performers who danced and acted.

Who invented Kabuki theatre? ›

Then around the beginning of the Edo period (start of 17th century), the kabuki-odori performed by Okuni - a woman who referred to herself as a shrine maiden from Izumo Taisha shrine in Shimane - became extremely popular in the imperial capital of Kyoto.

References

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